How to Improve Mobile Accessibility for Your Website

Identifying Common Accessibility Issues

• Poor color contrast: Text that lacks sufficient contrast between the backdrop and the text can be challenging to read, especially for those with conditions such as color blindness.
• Lack of Keyboard Accessibility: People who rely on the keyboard may find it difficult or impossible to connect to a website if there are no keyboard shortcuts available for navigating around it or using its features.
• Unlabeled controls and links: Users struggle to interact with website features when links and controls are not labeled correctly because they can’t tell what they are used for.
• No visible focus indicators for links/buttons: It may be challenging to determine which element has been clicked on without a focus indicator.
• Lack of screen reader support: Software called a “screen reader” can transform digital text into Braille or spoken language. It may be challenging for users of screen readers to navigate a website or application if it is not screen reader friendly.
• Poor heading structures: Navigating might be challenging for those using assistive devices like screen readers when heading levels are skipped.
• Animated or blinking text: It might be challenging for users of screen readers to comprehend the content of a website since screen readers cannot interpret the animated or blinking text.
• Image missing alternative text: Confusion can result when images lack alternative text because screen reader users cannot grasp the message the image is trying to communicate.
• Not using semantic HTML elements: Not using proper semantic HTML elements decreases the ability of assistive technologies to properly interpret the page. For example, using a div for a heading instead of an h1 tag.
• Lack of Accessible Forms and Labels: To make it easier for people who have impairments to understand how to fill out the form, forms, and labels need to be clearly labeled and visually linked to the relevant form fields.
• Lack of accessible error messages: When a glitch occurs, screen readers should give users an accessible error message that describes the situation.
• Missing ARIA roles and attributes: ARIA roles and attributes allow assist tools to provide the proper functionality for the content element. Missing or improper implementation of ARIA roles and attributes can result in assistive technology not functioning as intended.

Design Tips for Improving Mobile Accessibility

Here are some tips to make your website more accessible to users with disabilities who are accessing your site through a mobile device:

• Use a responsive design– The ability of your website to effortlessly adjust to various screen sizes and devices makes responsive design a crucial element of mobile accessibility. To make it easier to use on smaller screens, a responsive design makes sure that your website adjusts to multiple screen sizes. Without sacrificing usability or accessibility, responsive design allows your website layout to change automatically according to the user’s device. Consequently, whether it’s a tablet or a smartphone, your website will appear great on every device. This is crucial for users who may find it difficult to access a website on a smaller device, such as those who suffer from visual or movement impairments. Ensure your website’s mobile responsiveness with Mobile-Friendly Test, a handy tool to optimize your user experience.
• Keep it simple– Simplicity matters when designing for mobile accessibility. Be careful to leave clients with only a few things on your website. Keep your design simple and uncluttered. Users with cognitive disabilities may find it simpler to grasp your material if you follow this.
• Use clear and legible fonts– Use readable fonts that are simple to read on mobile devices and have adequate backdrop contrast. To prevent people from straining their eyes while reading your material and to make it simpler for users with visual impairments to view your content, use bigger font sizes and clear, readable fonts.
• Provide alternative text for images-Alternative text is descriptive text that is read by a screen reader when an image fails to load. A website’s images are an essential component, but customers who use screen readers or have visual impairments may find them difficult. Providing alternative text for images ensures that all users can understand the content on your website. This is important for users with visual impairments who rely on screen readers to access content
• Use accessible colors- For optimum visibility, use color combinations with strong contrast and accessibility. To make the text easier to see on mobile devices, ensure the contrast ratio is high enough.
• Make sure your website is navigable with one hand– Ensure your navigation menu is easily accessible with one hand and avoid placing important elements in hard-to-reach areas. Structure the website content in a logical order from top to bottom. Keep menus, search, and other major functions at the top of the screen. Reduce the number of total clickable elements.
• Provide keyboard accessibility-When designing a mobile app, it’s essential to consider that some users may be using an actual connected physical keyboard instead of just a touchscreen. Make sure that the experience of navigating the application with only a keyboard is not hindered.
• Utilize touch targets correctly- Touch targets are more common on mobile devices than mouse and keyboard input. To make sure mobile devices can easily reach touch targets, make sure they have the right size and spacing.
• Use clear language– On mobile websites and applications, make sure the text is legible and use brief, basic sentences. Avoid using complex language or industry jargon.
• Offer alternative content views- Providing alternate content view options, such as text-to-speech capabilities might be advantageous. Using various techniques such as natural language processing, speech synthesis systems can generate synthesized speech from a given text input.
• Test for accessibility- To ensure that all of your users enjoy an accessible experience, test for accessibility across a variety of devices and platforms.
• Test multiple devices-To guarantee that all users, regardless of their device, get a quality experience, mobile apps should be tested on a variety of devices.
• Provide audio/video transcripts- Text transcripts and captions should be included in audio and video components to make the information more accessible to people with impairments.
• Design inclusively- Consider the probable requirements of users with impairments and work to ensure they can use your website and app as effectively as any other user. And educate the importance of inclusive design.

List of Tools for Testing Mobile Accessibility

For both iOS and Android different sets of tools are available.

Category of tools and resources

• Screen Readers or Narrators: Tools designed to help screen reader users access content on mobile devices. These include Apple’s VoiceOver, Google’s TalkBack, Microsoft’s Narrator, and others which are used to test the accessibility of mobile apps.
• Magnifiers & Screen enlargers: These helpful tools facilitate use for those who have difficulty reading small text.
• Simulation Tools: These enable testers to simulate various disabilities such as limited vision, color blindness, motor impairments, and hearing loss to ensure that the app caters to a variety of needs.
• Color Contrast Checkers: Online tools that can test the contrast between text and background colors, to ensure they are compliant with the WCAG standards. Helpful tools to identify low accessibility issues and make sure text and images have high contrast. Examples include Color Contrast Analyzer, WebAIM Contrast Checker, and Color Safe.
• Accessibility Checkers: Automated tools that detect accessibility issues with applications, such as lack of proper tags and labels, insufficient contrast, and non-keyboard accessibility. Examples include Accessibility Inspector and Evaluation Tools (AET) and WAVE.
• Keyboard navigation accessibility: To ensure easy navigation with the keyboard, testers need to make sure the keyboard is compatible with the app.
• Touch Target Size Checkers: Tools to ensure all interactive elements of an app are the right size for tactile input. Adee is one such plugin available to test both Apple and Android devices.
• Labeling & Naming: Checkers to ensure all interactive elements are labeled and named clearly.
• Document checkers: Document accessibility testing tool for PDF files. Inclusive Docs is an example for this category.
• Automated Accessibility Tests: Tools used to scan for accessibility issues and report them automatically. Tenon and Kobiton are a few examples of such tools helpful for the validation. Some more popular automated testing tools include Axe, Pa11y, and Google Lighthouse.
• Mobile Testing Apps: This app allows users to test the mobile app interface and its accessibility features on iOS, Android, and Windows. It also identifies potential issues that could make the app unusable.
• Standards & Guidelines: Organizations such as the W3C and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide guidelines for creating accessible web content and interfaces.
• Google Accessibility Lab: This lab provides a variety of resources for developers to assess the accessibility of their mobile apps and websites. It also includes tutorials and other resources to help developers understand how to make their products accessible.

Conclusion

Overall, improving mobile accessibility is essential for creating a website that is inclusive, user-friendly, and meets the needs of all users. Improving mobile accessibility for your website is a legal and moral requirement. By following the best practices, by conducting an accessibility audit and using the right tools, supporting assistive technologies, you can create a website that is accessible to all, regardless of their mobile device or ability level. Remember, mobile accessibility is not just good for users with impairments, but it’s also good for your business. By making your website more accessible, you can increase your reach and improve your bottom line.

In conclusion, implementing mobile accessibility is crucial to ensure that people with impairments and elderly can access and use mobile devices. However, it comes with its own set of challenges, including inconsistent implementation of accessibility features, lack of accessibility in mobile apps, and lack of awareness and education about mobile accessibility among developers and users. By addressing these challenges through education, training, and community outreach, we can help promote digital equality and ensure everyone has equal access to information and technology.

Conclusion